Showing posts with label Chicago Cubs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chicago Cubs. Show all posts

Thursday, October 8, 2020

October 8, 2003 -- Sting Entertains 40,000 at Grant Park Free Concert

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October 8, 2003 – As the Chicago Cubs are in the midst of defeating the Florida Marlins, 12-3, in Game 2 of the National League Championship Series at Wrigley Field, Sting performs before a crowd of 40,000 at a free concert in Grant Park.  The show takes place on a 140-foot stage that took eight days, 150 laborers, 24 trucks and $2 million to construct.  [Chicago Tribune, October 9, 2003]. With an eight-piece band behind him, Sting makes his way through 19 songs, ranging from his first hits to a couple of songs from his just-released “Sacred Love” album.  The concert was received favorably ... it is best not to reflect upon what happened in the 2003 National League Championship.  Certainly, don't ask Moises Alou about it.  Ever.

undereverystone.blogspot.com
October 8, 1949 – The Edens Parkway is dedicated with a bronze plaque honoring William G. Edens placed at the new road’s grade separation over Cicero Avenue just north of Foster Avenue.  In 1912 Edens, a banker, became the first president of the Illinois Highway Association and in that capacity began a campaign to pave the state’s roads, an effort that ultimately saw over $60 million in bond issues raised to fund highway construction.  Although construction continues on the new highway, by the end of 1950 it is anticipated that the new six-lane highway will carry more cars in a 24-hour period than existed in the entire state when Edens began urging a plan for the area’s future transportation needs.  Speaking at the event is Virgil E. Gunlock, the Chicago Commissioner of Subways and Superhighways and Illinois Lieutenant Governor Sherwood Dixon, who praises the cooperation of the state, county and city in the construction of the 15-mile highway as the three governmental bodies shared the $21 million cost of the project.  The highway ultimately opens on a December day in 1951 and is considered to be the city’s first true expressway. [newswttw.com] It was a better day in October than the official opening of the road on December 20, 1951 as the above photo shows.

artic.org

October 8, 1943 – The Art Institute of Chicago announces that it has acquired Salvador Dali’s “Inventions of the Monsters,” a 20- by 30-inch canvas that will be added to the Winterbotham collection, a group of paintings the acquisition of which was made possible through a trust fund established by Joseph Winterbotham in 1921. According to stipulations of the trust agreement, the fund was to be used solely to purchase modern paintings by foreign artists with the total number of paintings acquired to be capped at 35.  Although the painting has been on display at the museum since July, this is the first indication that the Art Institute will add it to its permanent collection.  According to the Art Institute’s website, Dali, when he learns that the Chicago museum has obtained his work, responds, “Am pleased and honored by your acquisition.  According to Nostradamus the apparition of monsters presages the outbreak of war.  This canvas was painted in the Semmering mountains near Vienna a few months before the Anschluss and has a prophetic character.  Horse women equal maternal river monsters.  Flaming giraffe equals cosmic masculine apocalyptic monster.  Cat angel equals divine heterosexual monster.  Hourglass equals metaphysical monster.  Gala and Dali equal sentimental monster.  The little blue dog alone is not a true monster.  Sincerely, Salvador Dali.”  [artic.edu]   Today “Inventions of the Monsters” can be viewed in Gallery 396 at the Art Institute of Chicago.


October 8, 1937 – Less than 72 hours after the new bridge opens carrying Lake Shore Drive across the Chicago River, the first accident occurs at 3:00 a.m. when a northbound auto hits the wall on the west section of the tricky s-curve leading onto the bridge.  The 21-year-old driver continues driving north in the darkness, rather than making the right angle turn and heading toward the lake where the second right angle carries the bridge across the river.  He ends up traveling over an 18-inch divider, crossing the southbound lanes of traffic, and slamming his car into a retaining wall.  A spokesman for the Illinois Automobile Club had observed earlier that no motorist would be able to make either of the two right-angle turns south of the bridge traveling any faster than 15 miles-per-hour.  Otto Jelinek, the traffic engineer for the Chicago Park District, says, “The new bridge is of benefit to the entire Chicago street transportation system, and if critics will be patient we’ll iron out the wrinkles in a few weeks.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, October 8, 1937] It would be 49 years before the “wrinkle” that choked Lake Shore Drive south of the bridge would be ironed out, but in 1986 a sweeping curve was opened, allowing for a far more efficient movement of traffic.  The above photo shows the dedication of the bridge on October 7 ... the accident occurs 72 hours later at the right angle shown in the bottom left of the photo.


October 8, 1934 – The Chicago Daily Tribune presents information gained from an interview with the three remaining survivors of the 225 fire fighters who lost the battle to save the city 63 years earlier.  Hoseman George Leady, 89-years-old, starts the reminiscing as the Retired Fireman’s Association of Chicago honors the few remaining surviving firemen who fought the inferno.  On the anniversary of the fire that destroyed 17,500 buildings and left between 90,000 and 100,000 people homeless, it is interesting to think about what Leady had to say.  It wasn’t until the third alarm came that the city’s largest fire wagon was dispatched, Engine No. 9 with a pumping capacity of 500 gallons per minute.  “It got hotter and hotter,” Leady says.  “We took doors off their hinges and held them in front of the pipemen to keep their coats from igniting.  The hose in the street, full of water as it was, began to smoke and char.”  The fire drove the men to Polk Street and finally all the way to Michigan Avenue and South Water Street where hoses were dropped directly into the river because the hydrants no longer worked.  “I was the last man on the south side of the river,” Leady says.  “. . . all our men were gone, gassed or knocked out by the smoke, except the driver and me . . . we abandoned the hose in the street and got four scared horses harnessed up.”  The driver, Johnny Reese, provides a crucial piece of information about the cause of the fire, snorting at the idea that a cow burned the city to the ground.  “Why I saw the whole bunch of loafers who started that fire,” Reese says.  “Those fellows had been drinking all afternoon in O’Leary’s barn, and smoking their pipes.  Some sparks of burning tobacco – they didn’t have cigarets (sic) in those days -- got into the hay and set the barn.  The whole bunch was standing round the hydrant at Forquer and DeKoven streets and I know, because I heard them talking among themselves.” \

Tuesday, September 29, 2020

September 29, 2004 -- Cubs Fade in the Stretch

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September 29, 2004 – Still in the hunt in the National League wild-card race, the Chicago Cubs are drooping like end-of-summer marigolds.  There is still hope despite the team’s losing four out of five games to the New York Mets and the Cincinnati Reds, teams with losing records that, when combined, place them 55 games out of first place.  The team has scored only 11 runs in 44 innings, but still is only a half-game out of the lead for the wild-card position.  Manager Dusty Baker says, “We have no choice.  We either keep fighting or roll over and die.”  [Chicago Tribune, September 30, 2004].  On this day, riding on a strong effort by starting pitcher Glendon Rusch, who leaves the game in the seventh inning with a 1-1 tie, the Cubs take the lead in the bottom of that frame when Moise Alou’s sacrifice fly gives them a 2-1 edge.  LaTroy Hawkins is impressive in the ninth as he gets Cincinnati’s first two batters, and goes 0-2 on D’Angelo Jiminez, before surrendering a triple, followed by a game-tying double by Austin Kearns. The score is still tied as the Reds come to bat in the twelfth when relief pitcher Jon Leicester walks Jiminez and Kearns hits a home run.  Catcher Michael Barrett says, after the Cubs are unable to score in the bottom of the inning, “I can’t imagine a more frustrating loss than this one.”  With only four games left in the season, things look bleak for the team, which has played 26 games in 24 days.  On September 25 the Cubs had led San Francisco by 1.5 games in the Wild Card race with only nine games left in the season, but the weary warriors lost six of the final eight games, and the Houston Astros won the Wild Card.  In the last game of the season slugger Sammy Sosa requested that Baker allow him to sit the game out, and when Baker refused, Sosa left the locker room in the early stages of the game.  It was the last time he would wear a Cubs uniform.



September 29, 2003 – The new Soldier Field opens to a national audience as the Chicago Bears take on the Green Bay Packers. The renovated stadium is the product of years of wrangling about what an appropriate venue would be for the Monsters of the Midway and exactly how much taxpayers should be expected to pay for it. As the stadium welcomes its first fans, reviews are mixed.  Joe Antunovich, the chairman of the Landmarks Preservation Council, says, “We’re stuck with what we have, which I believe is much less than we could have had. It’s an eyesore of the Nth degree. It’s just awful.” [Los Angeles Times, September 29, 2003]  Herbert Muschamp, the architecture critic for the New York Times, disagrees, writing, “If your commitment is to classicism, you will find a more authentically classical urbanism in the recast stadium than was present when the concrete colonnades stood alone.  And if your commitment is to conflict, as a city lover’s ought always to be, the field’s controversial reception will not let you down.” [New York Times, September 30, 2003]  The new Soldier Field will hold 61,500 fans, 3,500 fewer than the old stadium, and in the second largest market in the National Football League, it will be the second smallest stadium.  However, 60 percent of the new venue’s seats will be on the sidelines; in the old stadium that number was just 40 percent.  A unique feature of the stadium is that all of the suites and club seats are on one side while all the general-admission seats are on the other. As a result, the west grandstand is 20 feet higher than the east side, which will have four levels of $300,000-a-year luxury suites.  The renovated stadium will also have twice the number of concession stands as its predecessor and more than twice as many bathrooms.  On this night a crowd of 60,257 watches as the Green Bay Packers, with Brett Favre at quarterback, score 17 unanswered points in the first quarter, ultimately defeating the Bears, 38-23.


September 29, 1915 --The Chicago Daily Tribune reports that the Municipal Art Commission has accepted a design for a colonnade or peristyle that will be built on the southeast corner of Michigan Avenue and Randolph Street.  In the middle of the colonnade will be a fountain, the entire design provided by architect Edward H. Bennett.  The peristyle, finished in 1917, lasted until August 20, 1953 when the Speedway Wrecking Company quickly razed it with the debris used as fill in a northerly extension of Lake Shore Drive.  For more on the original peristyle and its modern replacement, you can turn to Connecting the Windy City and check this entry out.

 

September 29, 1906 – On a “rainy, chilly, and generally disagreeable” day [Chicago Daily Tribune, September 30, 1906] the South Shore Country Club opens its doors for the first time with 92 cases of champagne on hand to warm the 600 people in attendance.  Everyone is on edge as there are intimations that Arthur Burrage Farwell and the Hyde Park Protective Association might try to storm the festivities in an effort to stop the serving of alcohol, but at 4:30 p.m. the club’s president, William Thorne, the president of Montgomery Ward and Company, opens the first bottle of champagne on the club’s wind-swept veranda and calls one of the 200 waiters on hand to serve his guests.  “Here’s defiance to Farwell,” is the toast that follows.  Mr. Farwell’s organization is dedicated to removing the perils of alcohol from the area. “Their arguments – the sanctity of the family, the selling of liquor to minors, the perceived threat to land values and suspicions of gambling and prostitution – were used to garner community support for closing of the taverns.”  [Hyde Park Herald, February 20, 2014]  The association didn’t stop the festivities on this evening.  As the Tribune reported, “Outside the angry surf beat against the shore and the wind moaned above the strains of the orchestra, but in the dining room, where 600 were served, in the reception hall, and the spacious parlor, where the dark green furniture appeared in pleasing contrast against the white woodwork, the scene was of good cheer.” 

Wednesday, June 24, 2020

June 24, 1967 -- Santo Homer and Complete Game by Ferguson Jenkins Seals Win


Chicago Tribune Photo
June 24, 1967 – In what was scheduled as a double-header, the third-place Cubs manage to squeak past the Houston Astros, 3-2, in the only game of the day, the result of a two hour and nine-minute rain delay before the start of the game.  The Cubs score one run in the second inning and add two more in the fourth as third baseman Ron Santo crushes his twelfth home run of the season over the screen in left center.  Nailing down the victory is 23-year-old Ferguson Jenkins, who pitches a complete game, ending the six-game winning streak of Astro hurler, Mike Cuellar.  The Astros manage two unearned runs on an error by Jenkins in the sixth inning, giving the Cubs their seventh win in nine games.  The Cubs will go on to finish the season in third place, 17.5 games behind the St. Louis Cardinals, the team that went on to face the Boston Red Sox in one of the great World Series of the post-war era.  In the above photo Astros second baseman Joe Morgan dives to apply the tag to Ernie Banks as umpire Lee Wyer gives the safe sign.  Banks would score the first run of the game on a single to center by Cubs catcher Randy Hundley.  


June 24, 2004 –A driver of a 25-ton concrete pump truck parks the vehicle on an elevated portion of Monroe Street while he asks for directions to the location in Millennium Park where the truck is required, and the truck begins to roll west down Monroe Street toward Michigan Avenue.  It collides with a passenger van and a taxi before pinning a C.T.A. 151 bus against a traffic light.  “It looked like a scary movie,” a passenger on the bus says.  “It hit us, and people screamed and a couple hit the floor.  The bus was shaking.” [Chicago Tribune, June 25, 2004] More than 50 emergency personnel respond to the accident, and Chicago Fire Department spokesman Larry Langford says, “With an accident like this, it’s remarkable there were not more people hurt.” Thirteen people on the bus are injured with three sustaining serious injuries.  The construction of the Lurie Garden, where the truck was headed, is shown in the above photo.


J. Bartholomew Photo
June 24, 1942 – The State’s Attorney files a foreclosure suit against the Auditorium building at 430 South Michigan Avenue as plans move forward to auction the building’s art and furnishings.  The building, with its combined hotel, theater, and offices, owes $1,346,584 in county taxes and penalties.  Plans are for the property to be sold to the highest bidder within 60 days.  If no buyer is willing to buy the building for a significant portion of the amount owed in back taxes, the county controller is authorized to bid on the building for the amount of those taxes.  If that occurs and the owners do not repay that amount within two years, the property can then be sold to the highest bidder who will receive a clear title.  Everything will go – theater scenery, 3,665 seats, glassware from the bar, even the chairs from the boxes where the elite of Chicago society once sat to escape the smoke and the smell of the city.



June 24, 1930 – The first scoop of dirt is dug at the southwest corner of Addison Street and Western Avenue, and the construction of the $5,000,000 Lane Technical High School is under way.  Ten thousand people are on hand as Alderman John J. Hoellen of the Forty-Seventh Ward pulls a lever in a steam shovel to get the work started.  High schools represented at the ceremony include Tilden, Crane, Austin, Lake View, Senn and Schurz.  Lane Tech Principal Grant Beebe says, “Lane has taken a place in the educational system that is national and international.  We long ago outgrew our facilities and now our needs have been answered.  The place a technical school fills in American civilization is shown by the records of our graduates.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, June 25, 1930] The school replaces an earlier school that stood at Division and Sedgwick and is named after Albert Grannis Lane.  Born in Chicago in 1841, Lane became the youngest principal in the history of the Chicago public school system, later serving as Superintendent of Schools in Cook County and as the President of the National Education Association.  The photo above shows the great school under construction as the 1930's begin.


June 24, 1895 – An ordinance Is proposed at the meeting of the City Council to establish a park, to be known as Lake Park, extending from Randolph Street to Park Row, today’s Roosevelt Road, and east of Michigan Avenue, 1,250 feet into Lake Michigan.  The ordinance proposes the creation of a Lake Park Commission, composed of ten members, that will organize and direct the operation.  Opposition to the ordinance is immediate as many aldermen are leery of creating parkland on property that has a murky title of ownership.  Alderman Mann points out that the Supreme Court has held that the area in question is the property of the state and “Even the rights conveyed there were being attacked by the United States District Attorney, who claimed that the State had no power to give the rights it had attempted to give to the Park Commissioners.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, June 24, 1895].  Another alderman interrupts, pointing out that an earlier court decision holds that the rights to man-made land are held by the city.  Alderman Judah pontificates, proclaiming, “I was under the impression that out of the 2,000,000 of people living in this city all except 500 were heartily in favor of this undertaking.  I have watched this for twenty-five years, and I have lived to see that nothing in that Lake-Front as it stands now except revenue.  For twenty-five years we have talked about the possibility of shipping and of commerce on the Lake-Front, yet who can truthfully say that they ever expect to see it?  Under present conditions all we have on the Lake-Front is a railroad center, a place for tramps, and a possibility of making this spot a prospective subject for revenue.  I am astonished to hear from gentlemen of the standing and character represented here tonight, who, by their action, show they do not see the privilege and possibility of building a beautiful public park on the Lake-Front, which has a value and which will produce a revenue of its own.”  The motion goes down to defeat, 41 yeas and 26 nays, the vote requiring a two-thirds majority to pass.

Sunday, March 15, 2020

March 15, 1984 -- Billy Williams Opens Up on the Cubs

baseballhall.org
March 15, 1984 – Oakland A’s batting coach Billy Williams, speaking in Phoenix before the Cubs play an exhibition game against the A's, talks candidly of his years with the Chicago National League ball club.  “It seems to me,” says Williams, “that the Cubs’ organization, through the years, has had more bona-fide players slip through their hands than any other organization I know of.” [Chicago Tribune, March 16, 1984]  All black players on the Cubs, Williams says, were expected to act like Ernie Banks.  “There were times when they wanted me to be like Ernie,” Williams says.  “When I made $100,000 a year for the first time, they said, ‘Now, you know, Ernie never made that much money.’ I said, ‘Hey, I’m not Ernie.’”  Starting pitcher Scott Sanderson gives up six runs in the second inning, including a 450-foot home run to Dave Kingman.  After the game, when asked what pitch he threw to Kingman, Sanderson answers, “It was a real long pitch.”  The Cubs went on to finish first in the National League East division with a record of 96-65.  Jim Frey was named the Associated Press Manager of the Year.  Ryne Sandberg was the National League’s Most Valuable Player. Rick Sutcliffe won the National League Cy Young award.  In a heart-breaking National League Championship series, the Chicago club walloped the San Diego Padres in the first two games of a best-of-five series, going on to lose the next three at Jack Murphy Stadium.  My take on that final game of the series can be found here.



March 15, 1957 – Flames are visible for miles against the night sky as a fire destroys the Illinois Central Railroad outbound freight house at 211 East South Water Street.  The fire gains headway as a stiff wind out of the south fans the blaze as early in the battle a switch engine pulling more than a dozen freight cars, some of them ablaze, from the burning warehouse runs over the first six hose lines stretched across the railroad tracks.  A 4-11 alarm is sounded as two fire boats – the Medill and the Busse – come to the scene to assist.  The freight house has historic significance.  It was at this location that Chicagoans trying to escape the flames of the great fire of 1871, took shelter, close to the lake and the river.


March 15, 1937 – The last street car to run over the lake shore tracks between Chicago Avenue and Ohio Street reaches the entrance of Navy Pier at 1:23 a.m.  A few hours later workers begin to tear up the tracks.  Discontinuation of the service comes as a result of an order of the Illinois Commerce Commission, an order that the transit lines do not appeal.  As soon as the tracks are removed construction will begin on the new approaches to the outer drive bridge across the river, according to the president of the park district, Robert J. Dunham.  The 1921 photo above shows the convenience of public transportation to Navy Pier that the lake shore line provided.


March 15, 1954 -- The Chicago Sanitary District announces that it will build a four-story office building on the site of the former Cyrus Hall McCormick mansion on the northeast corner of Rush and Erie Streets. The property, for which the district pays $212,000, is the site of an 1870's mansion that the "reaper king," Cyrus Hall McCormick, built and which was later occupied by his son, Harold McCormick, who served as the head of International Harvester until his death.

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

February 26, 1998 -- Harry Caray Fans Line Up to Say Good-Bye

wikipedia

February 26, 1998 – Fans queue up outside Holy Name Cathedral to say good-bye to Harry Caray, who died on February 18.  Some wait for as long as seven hours to walk down the aisle of the cathedral and stand before the casket of the former play-by-play announcer of both the White Sox and Cubs.  When the door to Holy Name opens at 6:00 p.m. the line of waiting fans winds around the cathedral, north up State Street, east on Chicago Avenue, and south on Wabash all the way to Superior.  Near the casket stands a photograph of Caray singing “Take Me Out to the Ball Game” during the seventh-inning stretch.  Caray’s son, Skip, who will take over for his dad in the Cubs broadcast booth, says, “I’ll bet my father is looking down at this and laughing his butt off.  He would love it … Oh my God, I just want to walk around here shaking hands.  I don’t know what to say about all the people.  Not just the people of Chicago, but all over the country – and all the cards.  What a great tribute to him.”  [Chicago Tribune, February 27, 1998] 



February 26, 1954 – The Chicago Daily Tribune reports that two of the city’s oldest buildings will soon fall to the wrecking ball.  Plans are to replace the first, the 62-year-old Wilkinson Building at the southeast corner of Washington and Wells Streets, with a three-story parking facility for 500 cars.  Known as the Teutonic Building when it was constructed, it was renamed for Theodore Roosevelt before the new owner, John C. Wilkinson, gave the family name to the structure after purchasing it for $175,000 in 1946.  The second building, a five-story structure at the northwest corner of Washington and Dearborn Streets, will have its three top floors demolished and the remaining two floors rebuilt into a “modern two-story shop and office building.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, February 27, 1954] The building was purchased in October of 1953 for $400,000 with the rebuilding of the structure estimated to cost $135,000. You won’t find anything left of the building there today … the location is approximately where the flagpoles stand on Daley Plaza.  Pretty good job of peeking into the future for the 100 North Dearborn Corporation, the owners of the property – it picks up a corner lot a block away from the seat of city and county government for a half million bucks that ten years later the city would have to acquire in order to build its slick mid-century modern civic center.  The original Teutonic Building is shown in the Rand McNally drawing in the top photo.  The second photo shows that the parking facility that took its place in the mid-1950's is still parking cars just east of the Wells Street elevated tracks.

J. Bartholomew Photo
February 26, 1912 -- Ebenezer Buckingham dies at his residence, 2036 Prairie Avenue.  A graduate of Yale University, Buckingham came to Chicago in 1850, and in 1865 took over management of the grain elevators located at the Illinois Central depot at the mouth of the Chicago River.  By 1873 he and his brother, John, had increased the capacity of the elevators from 700,000 bushels to 2.9 million bushels.  Investing wisely as the city exploded both in population and in industry, Buckingham became the president of the Northwestern National Bank in 1890.  In 1853 Buckingham married Lucy Sturges, and a son, Clarence, and two daughters, Kate and Lucy, were born to the couple.  It was the death of Clarence Buckingham that led Kate Buckingham to provide the generous gift of the fountain dedicated to the memory of her brother that sits today at the head of Congress Avenue. 



February 26, 1903 -- With the payment of $100,000 (close to $3 million in 2020 dollars), the Studebaker brothers become absolute owners of the Fine Arts Building and the ground beneath it. The ground on which the building stood had been held in a 99-year lease that began in May of 1885 with an annual ground rent of $2,000. The building, designed by Solon Spencer Beman, opened in 1886 with a four-story annex added for use by the Art Institute in 1898. On July 7, 1978 the building was declared a Chicago City Landmark. The photo below shows the building as it looked in 1900.

encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org
February 26, 1880 – The Chicago Daily Tribune offers a lengthy dissertation on “the legislation affecting and defining the rights of the Illinois Central Railroad to a location on the Lake-Front …” [Chicago Daily Tribune, February 26, 1880]  In the winter of 1851 the Illinois legislature granted the Illinois Central Railway Company a charter to build a railroad from the terminus of the Illinois and Michigan canal to Cairo with a branch line extending to Chicago and another to Galena.  A section of the charter stated, “The said corporation shall have the right of way upon, and may appropriate to its sole use and control for the purposes contemplated herein, land not exceeding 200 feet in width through its entire length … All such lands, waters, materials, and privileges belonging to the State are hereby granted to said corporation for said purposes.” There was a limitation contained in the charter, though, an important one for Chicago – “Nothing in the act contained shall authorize said corporation to make a location of their track within any city without the consent of the Common Council of said city.”  An amendment to the charter gave Chicago the “power of exercising a police supervision over the harbor for the distance of one mile from the shore line.”  In 1852 the Illinois Central asked for a right-of-way into Chicago and the Common Council passed an ordinance granting it on June 14. The ordinance granted the railroad the right to enter the city at a point that would eventually become Thirty-First Street and, following the boundary of Lake Michigan, north “to such grounds as the said Company may acquire between the north line of Randolph street and the Chicago River … upon which grounds shall be located the depot of said railroad within the city, and such other buildings, slips, or apparatus as may be necessary and convenient for the business of the company.”  The charter also granted the railroad the right to “use in perpetuity” a width of 300 feet from Twelfth Street to the northern line of Randolph Street, ground that had to be not less than 400 feet west of Michigan Avenue and parallel to it.  By 1856 the company had created land from the lake according to the distance specified in the charter.  On September 15, 1856 the Common Council gave the company permission to create additional land east of its right-of-way.  Thirteen years later the Illinois legislature, in what came to be known as the “Lake-Front Bill,” gave the city control, formerly exercised by the state, of the lakefront between Monroe Street and Park Row, today’s Twelfth Street. The bill also gave “all the right and title of the State of Illinois in and to the submerged lands constituting the bed of Lake Michigan and lying east of the tracks and breakwater of the Illinois Central Railroad Company for the distance of one mile” to the Illinois Central from today’s Roosevelt Road to the river, provided the railroad continue to pay to the state seven percent of its gross earnings, an amount specified in the railroad’s original charter.  Under this law the three railroads running along the lakefront – the Illinois Central, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and the Michigan Central – were directed to pay the city $800,000 at intervals within a year of the passage of the act. On April 15, 1873 the legislature repealed this act.  Despite the repeal, however, in 1880, the year this article appeared in the Tribune, the company maintains that its riparian rights are still intact, holding that “it is a well-established principle in law that the land under navigable waters, to which no private owner has any claim by virtue of his land abutting the water’s edge, belongs to the State, and not to the Federal Government, with the limitation, however, that nothing shall be done to it to interfere with navigation.” The Illinois Central asserts that it has followed all of the stipulations of the 1869 act “and no subsequent action of the Legislature of a repealing character can be of any avail.” The city maintains, though, that a quid pro quo was established at the time of the 1856 agreement in which the city ceded an extra 100-foot strip of land from Randolph Street to what is now Roosevelt Road and, in return, the railroad agreed to erect a breakwater along that stretch of shoreline to prevent erosion that was threatening to wash Michigan Avenue into the lake.  City lawyers also state that the city never accepted the $800,000 specified in the 1869 law, further noting that when the 1869 law was passed, there were “Several property-owners on Michigan avenue, in the immediate vicinity, who had an easement in that portion of the property north of Madison street, and believed that the erection of a depot thereon would seriously damage their lands fronting Michigan avenue”.  A judge granted them an injunction, writing that “in view of the original dedication of the property in question as public ground to be forever free from buildings, it was not in the power of the State or the city to alienate it for another purpose.” Therein lies the issue in 1880 – the railroad was forbidden to put up any buildings between Randolph and Monroe “but there was no prohibition … against filling in or laying tracks.”  The issue of riparian rights and the struggle between the city and the railroads over the lakefront would not stop here.  It would continue for another century.  The photo shows the lakefront sometime around the time of the Tribune article.