Tuesday, August 25, 2020

August 25, 1900 -- Coliseum Dedicated


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August 25, 1900 – Dedication exercises take place for the Coliseum at 1513 South Wabash Avenue with Charles F. Gunther, chairman of the Chicago Coliseum Company, leading the ceremony before 4,000 members of the Grand Army of the Republic, in town for the organization’s encampment.  The dedication address is made by Colonel Frank O. Lowden, who would go on to serve as the governor of Illinois from 1917 to 1921.  Lowden ends his speech, saying, “It is particularly appropriate that this vast building, which will be one of the sights of Chicago, should be dedicated by ceremonies connected with the encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic.  The building stands on the site lately occupied by the old Libby Prison, in which many of the men who will march through the streets of Chicago on Tuesday and participate in exercises held in this half were kept in dungeons.”   After Lowden’s address, Mayor Carter Harrison accepts the building in the name of the people of Chicago.  The Coliseum’s outer walls actually were built in the 1880’s to surround a Civil War museum constructed by candy manufacturer Charles Gunther.  The centerpiece of the museum, to which Lowden referred in his address, was the Confederate Libby Prison, which was transported from Richmond Virginia and re-assembled on the site.  [owlcation.com].  Gunther dismantled the museum in 1897 after a fire claimed the largest arena in the city, hoping to develop a facility to take its place.  Its construction cost 11 construction workers their lives when a dozen 33-ton steel arches collapsed, one upon the other, on August 28, 1899.  What a remarkable ride the old Coliseum took, though, hosting five consecutive Republican conventions from 1904 through 1920, providing home ice for the Chicago Black Hawks in 1928 and 1929, and drawing crowds in the 60’s to see the likes of Cream (twice), The Jimi Hendrix Experience and The Doors.  The old hall was shut down on March 13, 1971 for fire code violations, and in 1982 it was demolished.  The Soka Gakkai USA Culture Center, run by a Buddhist organization with 12 million practitioners in 192 countries and territories, now stands at this location.

August 25, 1983 – Another great idea that didn’t fly … On this day the developers of the Gateway IV building on the Chicago River ask the Chicago Plan Commission to approve a private rooftop heliport.  Alan Goldboro, the president of Tishman Midwest Management Corporation, the developer of the four Gateway buildings near Union Station, asserts that the other necessary approvals are all in place for what will be the first such rooftop flight deck since the city toughened safety regulations 21 years earlier. Goldboro emphasizes that the heliport will be used only by office tenants and police and fire helicopters with no common-carrier service to O’Hare or Midway Airports. One hurdle that has been cleared is the approval of the Friends of the River, a group that managed to shut down a plan for a commercial heliport at Wolf Point in 1980.  The coordinator of the group says of the Gateway plan, “From street level it shouldn’t make as much noise as a passing bus. From the drawings we’ve seen, the pad won’t even be visible from the street.  It’s completely different from Wolf Point.  

August 25, 1972 – Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackman refuses to block the merger of the Illinois Central Railroad and the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad.  The Missouri Pacific Railroad had claimed that the proposed merger would create a near-monopoly that would cripple it.  The merger, which had occurred on August 10 gives the new Illinois Central Gulf Railroad control of 13,532 miles of track.


August 25, 1955 – John J. Mack, the owner of a five-story building at the southwest corner of State and Monroe Streets, announces that the building will be torn down to make way for a new structure.  The building to be razed was built in 1872 by E. S. Pike and called the Pike Block.  It later assumed the name of the Ayer Block, and over the years it had been remodeled at least six times.  The loss of the building is significant because the Art Institute of Chicago called the building home when the Academy of Fine Arts, as the Art Institute of Chicago was known at the time, when it was established in 1886.  The corner today is seeing yet another transformation as New York-based Tishman and an investment partner paid $35 million for the 60-year-old property in March, 2015 in order to carve 70,000 square feet of retail and office space out of it and an adjoining structure.  The rendering of the new space is shown above.


Monday, August 24, 2020

August 24, 1966 -- John Hancock Center Stops Work


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August 24, 1966 – Developers of the 100-story John Hancock Center at Michigan Avenue and Delaware Place announce that they have ordered a second round of tests for 57 caissons, a portion of the caissons that will form the foundation of the building.  The action comes after voids and imperfections are found in five of those caissons, starting about 60 feet below ground level.  Engineers predict that testing and repairs will continue for three weeks.  Construction on the super-tall building was halted on August 5 when a caisson moved sideways after a 12-ton test beam was placed on top of it.  J. Theodor Dailey, a co-developer on the project, says, “Such a review is necessary because of the unique design of the building, its foundation, and soil conditions at the site.  When approved, the foundation will have undergone one of the most complete analysis in construction history.”  [Chicago Tribune, August 25, 1966].  The problems originated with the steel tubes that were used to hold back soil and water as the caisson holes were excavated.  These tubes were removed as concrete was poured, which resulted in concrete being pulled up with the tubes in some caisson holes, allowing voids to form which filled with soil or water.  Over two-dozen of the caisson holes required corrective work, adding six months to the construction schedule and another $1 million to the budget.  It is fortunate, though, that the problems were discovered and corrected.  Considering what might have happened if the problems were not detected, the Engineering News-Record opined, “Cost in dollars or in lives from damage that might have befallen a completed 100-story John Hancock Center if its faulty caissons had settled years hence is just too horrible to dwell upon.”  [Chicago Tribune, March 24, 1985]



August 24, 1968 -- Seven leaders of the Youth International Party and their candidate for the Presidency of the United States, a 150-pound pig named Pigasus, are arrested at the Civic Center, today’s Richard J. Daley Center.  The Chicago Tribune reports, “Moving quickly and without incident, 10 uniformed policemen and several detectives under the personal direction of Comdr. James Riordan of the First District, loaded the pig into a police wagon as soon as it was placed in the plaza.”  The seven leaders of the demonstration are loaded into the wagon with the pig.  The Yippie leaders are taken to police headquarters where they are charged with disorderly conduct and released on $25 bonds with a court date scheduled for September 19.  Pigasus is taken to the Anti-Cruelty Society where he is “given a bath, fed, and placed in an outside pen,” according to the society’s director.  The demonstration, attended by about 50 Yippies and watched by 200 spectators, apparently is enough to scare Country Joe and the Fish away as the San Francisco  rock group withdraws from the Hippie Festival of Love, scheduled to begin in the city later in the day. 


August 24, 1982 – Archbishop Joseph Louis Bernardin is installed as the seventh Roman Catholic archbishop of Chicago in a candlelight service at Holy Name Cathedral. Reverend John Richard Keating reads the papal letter assigning Archbishop Bernardin to the archdiocese of Chicago at 8:01 p.m. before 1,500 priests in attendance. After the reading of the letter is completed, the priests provide Archbishop Bernardin with a two-minute standing ovation.  The Archbishop’s homily is entitled “I Am Joseph, Your Brother,” and in it he promises, “We will work and play together, fast and pray together, mourn and rejoice together, despair and hope together, dispute and be reconciled together.  You will know me as a friend, fellow priest and bishop.  You will know also that I love you.  For I am Joseph, your brother.” [Chicago Tribune, August 25, 1982]
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August 24, 1920 – The full-sized plaster model of Lorado Taft’s “The Fountain of Time” is completed after years of work and stands at the head of the Midway Plaisance, west of Cottage Grove Avenue.  The sculptural piece is described as comprising “ . . . scores of figures, arising from mystery, moving through life, and vanishing in mystery.  Some are dancing, some proceed sorrowfully, some are Galahads, some are satyrs.  Towering over all is Mr. Taft’s conception of Father Time.  The huge, weird figure dominates the movement of the pushing mob it faces.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, August 25, 1920]

Sunday, August 23, 2020

August 23, 1985 -- Navy Pier's Slow Disintegration Lamented

 

August 23, 1985 – Under the headline “Tattered Navy Pier Finds Dance Card Empty,” the Chicago Tribune describes the sorry condition of the municipal pier at the end of Illinois Street and Grand Avenue, finished in 1916 for $4 million.  According to the paper, “…the unique 3,000-foot pier has deteriorated to the point that its sewer system has been plugged up and its roofs are sieves.  The upper walkways are too dangerous, and the floors of lower storage rooms can barely support their own weight.”  The pier has no adequate fire protection system, so that any event held there must keep a fire engine standing by.  With one exception, a major event has not been held at the pier since the inauguration of Mayor Harold Washington two years earlier.  Joe Wilson of the Department of Public Works says, “I don’t think $60 million would give you much more than the basic structure, but it depends on what you want.”  Wilson says that an average of 20 people visit the pier on weekdays and about 75 on weekends.” The above photo shows the east end of the pier in the 1980's.


August 23, 1933 – A stone from San Antonio’s Alamo is dedicated at 11:00 a.m. in a ceremony held at Tribune Tower to coincide with Texas Day of the Century of Progress World’s Fair on the lakefront.  The stone is presented to the Chicago Tribune by Miss Emma Kyle Burleson, whose brother was the Postmaster General in President Woodrow Wilson’s administration and whose grandfather, General Edward Burleson, served as the third Vice-President of the Republic of Texas. Mayor Edward Kelly serves as the master of ceremony with a prominent Texas newspaper editor, Peter Molyneaux, offering thoughts on the stone that will join stones from other historic structures from around the world in the tower on Michigan Avenue.  There are a total of 149 rocks embedded in the exterior of the tower, down from 150 after NASA reclaimed a rock from the moon.




August 23, 1914 – Henry Korthagen, an unemployed painter, pays the 25-cent admission to the observatory of the Masonic Temple Building on State Street, crawls through a window to the northwest corner of the building and then jumps.  His body strikes the crowded sidewalk on State Street at noon on a Saturday.  A dentist on the twelfth floor of the building, Dr. A. Jay Blakie, sees the body fly past his window, with a black derby hat following 20 feet behind.  “From my position above,” Blakie says, “the sidewalk looked like the surface of water after a stone has been thrown in.  A circle of humanity just eddied back from the crumpled object in the middle of it.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, August 24, 1914]  Korthagen had visited the Painters and Decorators District Council at 300 West Madison Street earlier, seeking to pay back dues and gain reinstatement to the union.  Those at the union headquarters describe him as cheerful at the time.  The observatory at the Masonic Temple is pictured above, all the way up there at the top of the building.

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August 23, 1890 – The South Park Commissioners offer the Midway Plaisance to the World’s Fair directors, giving the planners of the fair 600 acres of land with the Plaisance at its center, a tract that is 600-feet wide and one-mile long with a roadway in the middle.  With that action the location of the World’s Columbian Exposition appears to come down to two sites, one on the south side and the other in the Buena Park area on the north side.  Landscape architect Charles Law Olmstead has surveyed both sites and found them equally capable of hosting the fair, although Olmstead finds the Jackson Park site as “being especially adapted for some of the principal buildings.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, August 23, 1890].  The directors of the fair adopt a resolution that allows them to “proceed on the basis of comparison and select the site that can register the greatest number of good points.  It reads:

WHEREAS, It is necessary that this committee shall have full information of the physical features of the sites offered for the Columbian Exposition, the approximate cost of preparing them for occupancy, their susceptibility of proper drainage, the approximate cost of suitably adorning them and of erecting the Exposition buildings thereon, and the hygienic conditions accompanying them,

RESOLVED, That competent engineers be employed to report as soon as possible upon the physical features of each site and the approximate cost of preparing in each case an area of 400 acres suitably diversified in land and water; and that competent drainage and sanitary engineers be employed if necessary in addition to the foregoing to suggest plans and estimate the approximate cost of drainage and water supply and the disposition to be made of the sewage; that a board of three responsible and well-known physicians, one from each division of the city, be selected to report upon the hygienic conditions of the grounds proposed as sites and of their surroundings, with a view to determining the probable healthfulness of each if occupied during the summer of 1893 by from 40,000 to 50,000 exhibitants and assistants, beside 100,000 to 200,000 visitors daily; that the consulting architect be required to report a general plan for and an approximate cost of constructing buildings suitable for the Exposition and covering an area of, say, 100 acres, it being understood by this committee that said estimates may be based upon the Philadelphia and Paris Expositions, due consideration being given to changes in prices of labor and materials.”

The photos above show the Midway Plaisance as it appeared during the 1893 fair and as it appears today, running through the campus of the University of Chicago.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

August 22, 1982 -- Wabash Avenue Strip Joint Busted

 

August 22, 1982 – Police raid the Candy Store at 874 North Wabash Avenue at about 1:30 a.m., arresting 13 people on prostitution charges. A 63-year-old woman is charged with being a keeper of a house of prostitution, and 11 other women are charged with being inmates of the house.  Things change, right?  Today the Sofitel Chicago Magnificent Mile stands on the site.  The hotel, which opened in 2002 with a design by French architect Jean-Paul Viguier, is on the American Institute of Architects America’s Favorite Architecture list.


August 22, 1969 – The City Council Buildings and Zoning Committee unanimously approves the guidelines for the development of the Illinois Central land and air rights south of the Chicago River and east of Michigan Avenue, asking for a change so that advertising signs will be banned in the area.  Louis Hill, the Commissioner of Development and Planning, says that developers will provide streets, utilities, a fire station, a dock wall along the river, a six-acre park, a school, and a subway station to serve the area.  The approval follows four days after the Chicago Plan Commission approves the same plan.   The area approved for the new development is shown in the photo above.

Chicago Tribune photo
August 22, 1961 – Ted Erikson, a rocket fuels research engineer at the Illinois Institute of Technology, sets a world’s record for open water long distance swimming by becoming the first person to swim the nearly 37 miles between Chicago and Michigan City, Indiana.  The waves are over six-feet high when Erickson and five other swimmers set out from Burnham Harbor at 8:00 a.m. on a Monday morning.  Winds continue to build until they are cresting at 16 feet by 9:00 p.m.  At that point there are just two swimmers remaining – Erikson and Elmer Korbai, a Hungarian refugee.  Shortly before midnight, Korbai, too, drops out.  When officials accompanying him in a boat ask if he wants to call it quits, Korbai shouts, “Put the boat in front of me, and I’ll follow it.”  [Chicago Tribune, August 23, 1961]. By that time he is far off course, a fact he learns later when it is disclosed that he actually swam 43 miles, close to seven more miles than he had originally planned on negotiating.  As he draws closer to Michigan City, a squadron of small boats comes out to meet him, and someone in the flotilla informs him that he has just two miles to go, and “he took 54 strokes a minute for more than an hour before it was discovered that the beach was really six miles away.”  As if that was not enough, a squall line moves into the area and between 9:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. Erickson only manages to progress a half-block.  Finally, at about 3:00 p.m. he sights a crowd of people gathered on Washington Park Beach, and he tells the sponsor of the effort, auto dealer Jim Moran, that he is going to finish with the butterfly stroke.  (If you have ever tried doing the butterfly for 50 or 100 yards, imagine doing it after 37 hours of continuous swimming!).  That’s what he does.  An estimated 10,000 people are on the beach to greet him, and he is pulled from the lake as waves pound him against the pier just short of the beach. He is placed on a stretcher and given oxygen as he protests, “I don’t want to go to the hospital.  I want to go home.”  In the above photo Erikson is seen shaking the hand of Jim "the Courtesy Man" Moran at the completion of the marathon swim


August 22, 1942 – At 3:00 p.m. the United States Navy formally commissions the aircraft carrier Wolverine off Madison Street.  The ship is the country’s only paddlewheel aircraft carrier and will be used to train pilots operating out of the Naval air station in Glenview as they practice carrier landings and take-offs.  Captain E. A. Lofquist, Chief of Staff of the Ninth Naval District, makes the dedication address, after which the Navy’s commission pennant, displaying one red stripe, one white stripe, and seven stars set in a field of blue, is raised from the Wolverine’s masthead.  Two fighter planes, one of which is piloted by Commander Edward J. O’Neill, a pilot who flew in the Battle of Midway and the officer in charge of operational training once the ship is commissioned, circle overhead during the ceremony.  The city fireboat Fred Busse and two tugs carry several hundred young men who have signed up to take the naval aviation course. For more on the Wolverine and her sister carrier, the Sable, you may turn to entrees in Connecting the Windy City here and here.  Information about Navy Pier and its service during World War II can be found here



Friday, August 21, 2020

August 21, 1982 -- East Delaware Place Hotel Conversion

 

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August 21, 1982 – The Chicago Tribune reports that the 350-room Maryland Hotel at 40 East Delaware Place is being converted into a 75-unit condominium building.  The hotel, which began receiving guests in 1928, was also the home of the Cloisters Inn, a jazz club just off Rush Street that saw performers such as Duke Ellington, Ramsey Lewis, Della Reese, even a young George Carlin, perform in the 1950’s and 1960’s.  Milton N. Zic, a partner in the firm that is renovating the building, says, “With a location in the heart of the Gold Coast, solid construction and neighbors such as the Hancock buildings and Water Tower Place, the hotel was ideal for our purposes.  We wanted to create a private and elegant condominium residence that is distinctive, yet understated.  Because the building has no strong design features, we were able to accomplish our goal.”  [Chicago Tribune, August 21, 1982].  Seven floor plans are available, including studios, one-, two-, and three-bedroom units, and two penthouse suites.  A studio will go for $82,500, with a monthly assessment of $149.  A one-bedroom unit will sell for $96,000, and a two-bedroom apartment will go for $217,000.  The two penthouse units will sell for $490,000 with a monthly assessment of $753.  Perhaps the most memorable moment in the life of the old Maryland Hotel, came in 1975 when Bobbie Arnstein, an executive assistant to Playboy founder Hugh Hefner, booked a room on the top floor of the hotel and took her life.  Facing a potential 15-year prison term for alleged participation in a cocaine distribution scheme and heavy pressure from then State’s Attorney James R. Thompson to flip on the Playboy organization, Arnstein wrote several suicide notes and ended it all.  That two-bedroom unit that cost $217,000 in 1982?  It is worth well over twice that amount today.


August 21, 1976 – The Chicago Tribune reports of a demonstration by nearly 100 cab drivers at the Civic Center, protesting a ruling by the city commissioner of consumer affairs, Jane Byrne, that they must wear uniforms.  The ruling, due to take effect on September 7, causes anger among the cabbies who say that over the preceding year three drivers have been killed, seven shot, one had his throat cut, and another suffered amputation of a leg as a result of a robbery.  Uniforms will just make them a more recognizable target when they are away from their cabs, the drivers say.  One driver says that he has to drive 16 to 18 hours a day to make a living, and that there is not enough money to buy and maintain a uniform.  Jane Guthrie, a driver for three years, says, “How can the city tell self-employed persons to wear uniforms . . . If your cab breaks down in a bad neighborhood it’s bad enough getting out without having to wear a uniform which advertises that you’re stranded and have money on you from driving.”  [Chicago Tribune, August 21, 1976]


August 21, 1933 – More than 1,000 teachers and other school employees in the city come to the offices of the Board of Education in the Builders’ Building at La Salle Street and Wacker Drive in order to receive their share of $1,250,000 in 1931 tax anticipation warrants.  They exchange the scrip issued two years earlier for the warrants that can be turned into cash.  When the exchange begins in the morning, over 100 people are waiting in line.  Between January of 1931 and May of 1933 teachers were paid their monthly salaries only three times. By 1933 Chicago school district employees were owed $22.8 million. In place of their regular salaries the teachers received “scrip” that could then be redeemed at businesses and banks, most of which did not honor the full value of the paper. Earlier in 1933, on April 24, five thousand teachers moved on five of Chicago’s largest banks, “confronting bankers, trashing offices, smashing windows, and throwing ink on the walls.” [https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2012/8/2/1116048/-The-Chicago-Teacher-Revolt-of-1933] Other demonstrations followed, prompting one teacher to observe, “Few of us are the sweet complacent, non-thinking 100 percenters that we used to be. Our eyes have been opened … After four years of learning that bankers are our worst enemies, that politicians are interested in our votes and power only and use our children merely as pawns in their selfish games, that we can depend on no one but ourselves, we cannot be restored to our previous complacency.”  It would not be until 1934 that an infusion of federal money would allow the teachers of Chicago to receive actual paychecks again as well as the back pay owed to them.  The original Builder's Building is pictured above.  It is considerably larger today as the result of a 1986 addition.


August 21, 1886 –bThe trustees of the Grant Monument Fund place 14 models on display at the Art Institute in a competition for the best proposal.  Awards in the amount of $500 for first place, $300 for second and $200 for third are being offered for the designs.  The models have been prepared on a scale of two inches to the foot. Two are from Florence, Italy, one is from Cincinnati, one from New York, one from St. Louis and four are from Chicago.  The remaining five proposals come from various places in New England. As part of the design competition specifications and estimates of cost were required, and the average expenditure comes in at about $20,000.  The first prize ended up going to a Cincinnati artist, Louis T. Rebisso, who emigrated from Italy in 1857.  Francis M. Whitehouse, a Chicago architect, was responsible for the base and plinth on which the equestrian statue sits.  Despite its being a Lincoln Park fixture today, at the time Chicago sculptor Lorado Taft, called the monument “a nondescript pile of masonry” topped by a sculpture with “a complete lack of artistic distinction.” [chicagopublicart.blogspot.com]  The cost of the memorial was underwritten by nearly 100,000 individuals and was dedicated in 1891.


Thursday, August 20, 2020

August 20, 1990 -- Standard Oil Sheds Its Carrara Marble


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August 20, 1990 – William Gruber, the business columnist for the Chicago Tribune, reports on what will be done with the expensive Italian marble that is being removed from the Standard Oil building on Randolph Street.  Five hundred tons of the Carrara marble will be headed to Lashcon Inc. of Barry, Illinois, which will employ men and women with disabilities “to make awards, specialty products and decorative items using the stone.”  [Chicago Tribune, August 20, 1990].  Lashcon, which has already received its first shipment of the stone, has entered into a two-year contract with the Illinois Department of Rehabilitation Services to undertake the project.  Another 1,000 tons of the marble, with each piece one and a-quarter to one and a-half inches thick and four feet square, is headed to Governors State University where the stone will be crushed and used for decorative ground cover around the University Park Campus.  The remaining 4,500 tons will end up at Amoco’s oil refinery in Whiting, Indiana where it will be crushed and used as ornamental rock at the company’s facilities.  The company received more than 200 requests for the marble after its discovery that all of the exterior stone on its 83-story tower would have to be replaced with Mount Airy granite from North Carolina after a number of the original slabs warped and began to disintegrate.  The above photo shows the building under construction in 1973 with the Carrara marble that would become such a nightmare streaming up its face.

 

August 20, 1980 – Things become heated at the Dirksen Federal Courthouse on Dearborn Street as Judge Marvin Aspen sends 14 sweaty jurors downstairs to the offices of the General Services Administration to complain about conditions in the “sweltering courtroom.”  “Maybe they’ll listen to you,” the judge says.  “They certainly ought to, because you’re paying their salary.”  The Chicago Tribune reports that the assistant building engineer, Michael O’Connell, tells the jurors, “Don’t expect it any lower than 80,” as he explains President Carter’s energy guidelines, which call for the cooling of public buildings to no less than 80 degrees.  The real problem, though, seems to be with the engineering of the building.  According to the Tribune, “In recent years, some Dirksen Building courtrooms have been so hot or so cold that a number of judges have said they cannot conduct business and have threatened to cite the GSA for contempt of court for obstruction of justice.”  [Chicago Tribune, August 20, 1980]   

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August 20, 1938 – Police estimate that a half-million people line the ten-mile route from the Chicago Airport, today’s Midway International Airport, at Sixty-Third and Cicero Avenue to the Chicago City Hall, every one of them straining to get a glimpse of Douglas Corrigan, the young aviator who, weeks earlier, had completed a solo flight from New York to Dublin, Ireland. “I like it,” Corrigan says modestly. “But I don’t understand it.  I’ve been getting the same thing everywhere. It’s surely strange.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, August 21, 1938].  The crowd begins to gather at the airport two hours before Corrigan’s expected touch-down at 11:00 a.m.  The pilot arrives exactly on time as 50,000 spectators line Cicero Avenue outside the airport.  He is met in front of an American Airlines hangar by Chicago Mayor Edward Kelly, who welcomes him, saying, ”Son, we’re really glad to see you. I’m Mayor Kelly.  You’re the kind of folks we like to see.”   Corrigan responds, “Two months ago I didn’t expect ever to be in a situation like this.  I’m in your hands and whatever you say goes.”  With that the entourage is off to City Hall, where the aviator answers a few questions from reporters after spending a few moments with the mayor in his private office.  Then it is off to the Blackstone Hotel for a luncheon, followed by a tour of the city’s parks and a stop at the Edward Hines Hospital in Maywood where Corrigan is cheered by veterans.  A dinner in his honor is held at the Chicago Athletic Association where Corrigan is asked about the most money he has ever made in a year.  “Oh, about a thousand dollars,” he answers.  “Do you have any ambition to make any more,” another questioner asks.  “What’s the use,” answers Corrigan, who is rumored to have received offers from major movie studios as well as from airline companies.  “The government’ll take it all away anyhow, and, so far as I can see, it doesn’t put the taxes it collects to any good purpose.  I don’t want any more money.”  Corrigan caught the attention of an American public, starved for some good news in the throes of a world-wide depression.  In a plane he had virtually constructed himself, and with a fuel tank that he knew was leaking gasoline when he took off, he made the trip from Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, New York to Baldonnel Aerodrome in County Dublin after a 28-hour, 13-minute flight with provisions consisting of two chocolate bars, two boxes of fig bars, and a quart of water.   The plane had no radio, and the compass he used was 20-years-old.


August 20, 1936 – Before a crowd of more than 10,000 people, Mayor Edward Kelly and other city officials dedicate the new Ashland Avenue bridge over the north branch of the Chicago River at Elston and Clybourn Avenues.  The bridge is worth its $1,713,000 cost because it is the final link in the widening and extension of Ashland Avenue from Ninety-Fifth street to Devon avenue, a project that began in 1922.  A parade of cars begins at Sixty-Ninth Street and moves along Ashland to Milwaukee Avenue where it is joined by a series of floats that depict the development of the city’s traffic from horse cars to streetcars and buses.  Kelly says, “All of the city will benefit by this great improvement.  It required much planning and is a concrete expression of the ‘I WILL’ spirit of Chicago.  It is a credit to the community, a mark of achievement.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, August 21, 1936]


August 20, 1899 – The Chicago Daily Tribune reports on a controversy surrounding United States government buildings at the upcoming Paris exposition.  The man in charge of settling the kerfuffle is Chicagoan Ferdinand W. Peck, who must somehow come to a decision regarding the huge issue of whether the letter “V” or “U” will be used on American buildings at the exposition.  Those who argue against substituting the “V” in words that normally would use “U” say that the substitution “is an unwarranted bowing of the knee to the French, an effort unduly to honor words already borrowed from them and a pledge that the United State by and by will make their entire language its own.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, August 20, 1899] Peck is the one man most responsible for getting the great Auditorium Theater built a decade earlier, and that building on Congress Street and Michigan Avenue uses “V” in place of “U” in its nameplate.  One of the architects of the Auditorium, Louis Sullivan, says, “The letter “V’ has always been considered more artistic than the letter “U” … the letter is ugly, totally too heavy in the lower portion, and made of no artistic lines.  The “V” is copied from the old Roman and may be found in practically every inscription designed by an artist or an architect.”  In Rome the Latin language of antiquity had no “U,” so one could speculate that the use of the “V” in neo-classical design enhances the effect of the design style.  One could also ask a stone carver which letter he or she would prefer to carve and be fairly accurate in predicting the response. 


Wednesday, August 19, 2020

August 19, 1926 -- Chicago River Bridges Slammed by City Harbor Master


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August 19, 1926 – Chicago Harbor Master W. J. Lynch writes a letter to the Commissioner of Public Works, A. A. Sprague, in which he states that “the hoisting of Chicago river bridges by the city to make way for boats, barges, tugs and scows is nothing more nor less than a public subsidy to a private business.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, August 20, 1926].  Lynch does not deny the fact that navigable waters should provide freedom for all users, but he asserts that in a city the size of Chicago “the extreme observance” of such freedom is a “gross injustice to the vast majority of citizens.”  The current city ordinance dictates that the 20 bridges in the heart of the city be closed from 6:30 to 9:00 a.m. and from 4:30 to 6:30 p.m., times which have not significantly changed since 1890.  During this nearly 40 year span, however, the city’s habits have changed, according to a street survey.  In 1890 people reported to work in a two-hour span between 6:00 and 8:00 p.m.  In 1926 the peak of bridge traffic occurs between 8:30 and 9:30 a.m. when 18,000 cars per hour pass over the city’s bridges.  Between 6:30 and 7 only 8,000 vehicles cross the river.  The same trend occurs in the evening.  Along with this trend is the fact that virtually all of the 43 lake passenger vessels in service now dock at the Municipal Pier whereas in earlier days much of the ship traffic into the city used docks along the river itself.  The above photo shows the swing bridge at La Salle Street in 1926.  Note the 35 East Wacker Drive building, known at the time as the Jewelers' Building, under construction in the distance.



August 19, 1974 – Speaking before the Seventy-Fifth annual convention of the Veterans of Foreign Wars at the Conrad Hilton Hotel, President Gerald Ford proposes leniency for the 50,000 American military “deserters and draft-dodgers” [Chicago Tribune, August 20, 1974] if they agree to some form of alternative service upon their return.  Ford says, “I want them to come home, if they want to work their way back.”  The President’s speech is greeted with “whistles, cheers, and loud applause” when he sets aside his scripted remarks to say that he opposes “unconditional blanket amnesty for anyone who illegally evaded or fled military service.”  The crowd cools off, however, when Ford says, “I acknowledge a power higher than the people, who commands not only righteousness but love; not only justice, but mercy … These young people should have a second chance to contribute their fair share to the rebuilding of peace among ourselves.  In the spirit that guided Abraham Lincoln and Harry Truman, I reject amnesty and I reject revenge.  So I am throwing the weight of my Presidency into the scales of justice on the side of leniency.  I foresee their reentry into a new atmosphere of hope, hard work, and mutual trust.”


August 19, 1963 – Imagine this one happening today!  Coast Guard officials detain five men and a woman aboard a 75-foot boat after the leaking boat is stopped at the Chicago lock because it has no safety equipment and is judged to be unseaworthy.  After removing the crew from the boat, officials discover 500 pounds of dynamite on the top deck and remove the leaking vessel to a point 1,000 feet offshore.  Miss Kiiri Tamm, 21, one of the crew members, tells officials that the group planned to use the dynamite to blow up a sunken barge off Eighty-Third Street in an effort to salvage the metal, which they hoped to sell in order to start a salvage firm of their own.  The bomb squad removes the explosives and the boat is returned to its berth at Goose Island.



August 19, 1946 – Construction begins on the first major building project in the Loop in nearly a decade as a five-story building that will be occupied by the Baskin Clothing Company is begun. The new store, a design by Holabird and Root, is expected to be completed by May 1, 1947. The whole building will be air-conditioned and long strips of glass block will be featured on the Adams Street side of the structure. Exterior walls will be of Indiana limestone with a strip of polished granite framing the building from the roof line to a recessed space above the shop windows.  An entire floor will be devoted to women’s wear with men’s wear taking up the second and third floors.  Office and tailor shops will be placed on the top floor.  The new building will have a frontage of 76 feet on State Street and 148 feet on Adams Street.  The top photo shows the Baskin's Store at 137 South State Street.  The corner as it appears today -- with an EnWave Chicago cooling plant atop a C.V.S. drugstore -- is shown in the photo beneath that.

Chicago Tribune
August 19, 1890 – The Chicago Daily Tribune, under the headline, “It’s No Thoroughfare,” runs a lengthy article on the inadequacies of Michigan Avenue between Randolph and Lake Streets.  At the time the street is the only passage that leads to the Rush Street bridge, the sole public bridge across the river east of State Street. The passage is made difficult because of “the business firms which from early morn to eventide maintain an impassable blockade of wagons, trucks, baskets, skids, barrels, boxes, brooms, and crates from wall to wall on this thoroughfare, using the public street for their private need and denying its use to the public … forcibly severing one link from the chain that should stretch uninterruptedly from Stony Island avenue to Sheridan road.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, August 19, 1890]  On the previous day a Tribune reporter had canvassed the area, singling out the business of Sprague, Warner and Co. as a particularly zealous offender.  The reporter observed “the entire front of Sprague, Warner and Co. lined with wagons, loading or unloading.  A pair of skids was laid from each of the eight entrances.  Boxes, crates, and barriers were piled all over the sidewalk … No effort of any kind was made to keep the sidewalk even partially clear.”  The report exempts the firm of Reid, Murdoch and Company from the mess on Michigan, noting that “despite the volume of their business, [the company] does not preempt the street for it entirely and few complaints are received of them.”  If other businesses followed the practices of that company, the paper predicts, “the difficulty … would vanish into thin air.  But they have consulted their own convenience alone, and the exigencies of office room on the sunny side of the building weigh far more than the necessity or the rights of the public at large.”